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Title page: Full names of all authors (in Chinese and English), affiliations (including subdepartments, in Chinese and English), valid e-mail addresses, corresponding author designation, and funding grant numbers (if any).
Full text: Strictly conforms to the journal’s style guide (font, size, spacing, paragraphing, heading hierarchy, figure/table numbering and placement).
Figures & tables: Each illustration and table uploaded as a separate file, with resolution meeting publication standards (typically ≥300 dpi) and clear captions/headings. All figures and tables should indicate their sources.
Length control: Regular articles should be 5 000–8 000 words (including figures, tables and references), and this word count also includes English characters.
Confidentiality clearance: If the work involves proprietary or classified data, a clearance certificate from the author’s institution must be obtained and submitted together with the manuscript.
AI usage statement: If generative AI tools were used for writing or data processing, their specific roles must be disclosed in the manuscript.
Conflict of interest: All authors must declare any financial or non-financial relationships that could compromise objectivity; if none, a statement of “no conflict” is required.
Data availability: Indicate whether and how the underlying data can be accessed (e.g., repository link, contact with corresponding author).
References: All citations formatted per journal requirements, preferably with DOI links for enhanced traceability.
Copyright agreement pre-signature: The corresponding author pre-acknowledges the copyright transfer in the submission system (formal signing follows after acceptance).
Essential sections included: The manuscript contains title, abstract , 3–6 keywords, introduction , main body , conclusions , and references (including English title, abstract, and keywords).
System submission: Upload all files, including the Word document of the manuscript, via the journal’s official online submission system (or via the e-mail address listed on the copyright page, with subject line “Submission + Column + Title” if system issues occur).
Review timeline: The entire process (initial screening, peer review, final decision) normally takes 1–3 months; please monitor the system and your e-mail for editorial notifications.
Revisions: If revisions are requested, respond point-by-point and resubmit within the given deadline; late returns may jeopardise acceptance.
Post-acceptance: Sign the formal copyright agreement and return the proofread galley within 48 hours of receipt.
Publication: Accepted papers will be published online first within 2 weeks; the printed version will follow in due volume/issue.
Originality: The work is original and has not been previously published in full in any formal journal (preprint servers such as arXiv are exempt); it contains no plagiarism, fabrication, or falsification.
Single submission: This manuscript is not under consideration by any other journal. If such multiple submission is detected during review, the editorial office reserves the right to reject or retract the paper, notify the authors’ institutions, and bar submissions from the same authors for three years.
Author consensus: All authors have read and approved the final version, and their institutions have agreed to publication; the authorship order and affiliations are accurate.
Copyright restriction: Upon acceptance, authors will sign a copyright transfer agreement. Without the publisher’s written permission, the same or substantially similar content may not be republished elsewhere or compiled in any form.
Final note: This checklist is a practical aid for authors to verify all requirements before submission, ensuring compliance, completeness and quality. For any omissions, please refer to the latest announcements on the journal’s official website.